Dream Analysis Essay - 1435 Words

The Meaning of a Dream The best part of a long, hard-working day is when you finally get to lay in your bed, close your eyes and let your imagination run free. As you sleep your mind takes you to another place far away from the real world. You begin to dream. Over the night, you may have several dreams. In the morning, you may wake up and wonder what your dreams were suppose to mean for you and your life. By analyzing your dream, it gives a true picture of the subjective state-how we really feel about ourselves-which the conscious mind cannot or will not give (Wietz 289). In order to find the meaning of a dream, you have to pick out the most important symbols and define them. But you may be wondering what exactly is a symbol?†¦show more content†¦My dream began in a huge mansion late one night. I began to walk down the long, narrow hall. Bright flashes of lightning lit up the hallway for seconds at a time and bangs of thunder shook the whole house. Candles were lined up along my path to light my way slightly. As I walked further and further, I approached the end of the hall where a full sized statue stood. It was standing in shadows and so I had to get close to see it well. All of a sudden, the statue lifted up his solid steel foot with the worn sole of his shabby shoe facing me. It was trying to show me something on the bottom but it was too dark for me to see. I was frightened and began to run in the opposite direction down the hall. Then I woke up. What could this dream mean for my life and me? I wanted to find out. The lightning was one symbol the really stood out from the rest. As a symbol, the lightning could represent...energy and a fantastic, altering force. It is generally a positive dream symbol which represents the dreamers awakened state of consciousness. At times, a sudden shift in awareness, or unpredictable news, may shock us and leave us feeling anxious. However, enlightenment of any kind has long term positive implications (Ivin). The form of the lightning could transform its meaning. If you see strong lightning in your dream you will find yourself the recipient of a fantastic money making idea that really works. And if you see lightning flash from the sky andShow MoreRelatedAntwone Dream Analysis1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthat process is no different. Dream analysis, however, could be an effective way for a counselor to treat the problems that Antwone is having. As a currently angry individual, Antwone recalls some of the dreams he was having when trying to sleep. The movie opens with a dream sequence showing Antwone as a little kid in a field. He enters a building, which is presumed to be a church and is surrounded by what is presumed to be his family members. Antwone, in this dream, is led to a table covered inRead MoreDream Analysis2326 Words   |  10 PagesDREAM ANALYSIS This reflective essay illustrates Freud’s theory of dream analysis. It will begin with a brief overview of Freudian dream theory and will go on to describe the various components of personality structure and the unconscious from a psychodynamic perspective. This essay will analyse one of my personal dreams using Freud’s dream analysis theory and conclude with a critical reflection on the application of his theory as it relates to my dream. When Freud famously referred to dreamsRead MoreEssay about Dream Analysis768 Words   |  4 Pageschoose Dream Analysis. â€Å"Dream Analysis is a process of determining the meanings of dreams through symbols, myths, free association, and memories. There are a variety of philosophies and approaches for analyzing dreams including Adlerian (dreams are projections of a persons current concerns), Gestalt (every person and object in a dream represents an aspect of the dreamer), and psychoanalytic (dreams are a key to what is happening in a persons unconscious). Why would I want to choose Dream AnalysisRead MoreAnalysis Of My Dream1056 Words   |  5 PagesDream In my dream, I saw my stepmom talking to a group of men. This group of men looked like they were part of a bike gang, and they all had either a knife or a gun on them. The group of men had scary tattoos all over them, leather vests, and distressed jeans on with boots. The men took off and were headed to an apartment complex in search of someone. They didn’t knock on any doors or try to break into a specific apartment; they were just walking around looking for someone outside the apartment buildingsRead MoreEssay about Dream Analysis773 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Merriam-Webster, a dream can be defined as a series of thoughts, images or emotions occurring during sleep. Form many people, sleep can be a disturbing time, but for others it can be a peaceful, longing time of the day. For me, I LOVE my sleep, as well as any dreams that may accompany my slumber. I would like to think I have a very vivid imagination, based on some of the dreams that I encounter. I do find that I can remember most of my dreams, at least for a few hours, however, byRead MoreDream A Little Dream Of Me Analysis Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Dream a Little Dream of Me† Music Analysis First recorded in 1931 by Oswald George Nelson, known as Ozzie Nelson, with his orchestra, â€Å"Dream a Little Dream of Me† came into existence. Two days later, after Ozzie Nelson had recorded â€Å"Dream a Little Dream of Me†, the song was again recorded on February 18, 1931 by orchestra leader and musician Wayne King. Since those first two recordings of â€Å"Dream a Little Dream of Me† there have been approximately 60 versions by many well-known artists of whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Lucid Dreams 3596 Words   |  15 Pages During lucid dreams we are remarkably wakeful—even though still asleep. We may be able to reason clearly, remember freely, signal that we are conscious, and may even change the plot if we so choose. But it takes training. I am in the middle of a riot in the classroom. Everyone is running around in some sort of struggle. Most of them are Third World Types, and one of them has a hold on me—he is huge, with a pockmarked face. I realize that I am dreaming and stop struggling. I look him in the eyesRead MoreEssay about Dreams Their Analysis1413 Words   |  6 Pages Dreams Their Analysis The assignment is to recall a dream and analyze it from one or two theoretical perspectives weve learned thus far in dream analysis. Dreams have been a vehicle to express emotions, thoughts and feelings. Sometimes they pose questions which have been rooted in our conscious. Dreams are personalized works which we have consciously directed and created in our minds and no one interpretation is right or wrong. Weeks later upon receiving this assignment I had an incredible dreamRead MoreHoop Dreams Analysis2621 Words   |  11 PagesLorenzo de Medici Film Analysis: Hoop Dreams (1994) Written by Ann Kelsey Cinema of the Real: Documentary Films Paolo Grassini December 5, 2012 The 1994 Documentary, Hoop Dreams, directed by Steve James, is a masterful display of human drama. The story-line is so captivating and theatrical that it seems crafted from fiction. The Documentary boasts cinematic techniques and private investigating that rivals most film of this time period. The film follows the high school careersRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : Dream A Motivational Video 878 Words   |  4 Pagestitled, â€Å"Dream: Motivational Video,† because of the boldness it projected to the audience. The speech is approximately six minutes and was published on July 2, 2013. It provides the audience with a background on how they should make their dreams realistic. Although obstacles will get in our way when trying to fulfill dreams—the purpose is to separate from negativity and dream big. Even though the fear of failure overtakes our mind, we cannot allow the fear to detour us from living out our dream. Finally

Essay On Social Inequality - 925 Words

Imagine an utopia in which there is no social injustice. No discrimination on gender. Status. Mental health. When I was little, I read a book about an African American girl named Clover, who lived in a town that was interestingly divided by a fence. Dark skinned people separated from light skinned. Eventually little Clover would find a playmate from the other side of the fence and be shunned by her dark skinned friends. My naive five year old brain didn’t think much of it. At the time, it was just another book being read to me. Eventually, I realized that, this was the society that we live in. Looking back on it though, I noticed that the fence is given a lot more importance than it deserves. That’s because it isn’t merely a†¦show more content†¦We could stay here all day and talk about what social inequality is and unfortunately, give the thousands of examples strewn into media, history, and the world. However, I prefer to discuss how this can be reversed. To begin with, learn to recognize examples of this injustice. Then, we can revise our attitude towards inequality. Additionally, we can challenge some of the stereotypes associated with people of different groups. Firstly, to be able to truly fix a problem, the mechanisms need to be understood. Unfortunately, the concept is so common that it is integrated even subtly into media. As an activist, I feel that in today’s day and age, we see a lot of inequality in sexual orientation and subtle gender and racial inequality. However, it is pretty obvious that certain ones resurface throughout history and others are more prominent in different parts of the world. For example, the persecution of gay men in Chechnya. The tendency for the media to showcase a female’s outfit and makeup even if they are famous for being involved in sports. The first step is to definitely be conscious of these little aspects in our everyday life and the big ones we hear about in the news. You end up getting a lot of examples where people have been discriminated against due to who they are and how they aren’t defined by what is on the outside. This will help change views on social inequality. No, people with learning disorders do not have a bleak future.Show MoreRelatedSocial Inequality Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Inequality What is social inequality? What are the sources of social inequality? For me, social inequality cannot be described in one sentence. Factors such as race, wealth, class, gender, age, among others all play roles into why people can sometimes be treated unfairly. However before I introspectively reflect on social inequality, there is one theory that suggests where today’s society is heading for me. Karl Marx is known as a prominent economic and political influence that livedRead MoreSocial Inequalities Essay929 Words   |  4 Pages Different social classes can be distinguished by inequalities in such areas as power, authority, and wealth, working and living conditions, life-styles, life span, education, religion, and culture. The 19th century was primarily divided into four distinct social groups (or classes): â€Å"upper class†, â€Å"middle class†, â€Å"working class†, and â€Å"under class†. Beneath the working class of industrial workers, submerged the â€Å"under class†. They were often referred to as the â€Å"sunken people†-- those of which livedRead MoreSocial Inequality Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough time, inequality is slowly less evident. A lot of people dont realize that although things are improving with time, inequality is still prominent in our society. The people that are failing to realize that there still is inequality, are the fortunate ones. They rise well above the poverty line, and usually live relatively economically sound lives. They are the people who are supplied with our societys benefits. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The people that are in pursuit of social change, andRead MoreSocial Inequality in Society Essay2617 Words   |  11 PagesSocial Inequality in Society Social inequality influences all aspects of our lives. The following essay will look at evidence highlighting inequalities in society today. In particular it will focus upon inequalities found between men andRead More Social Conflict and Inequality Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Conflict and Inequality The social conflict paradigm is a theory based on society being a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social change. Personal life experiences dictate me to believe this theory is true. Discussion of the theory in question and how it pertains to myself will be covered in the paper. Social conflict can be seen all over the world we live in: in sports, politics and normal social engagements. The main point I have experienced with thisRead MoreSan Francisco Social Inequality Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages Social Inequality of the Golden City The Golden Gate Bridge takes a curious traveler across the San Francisco Bay area into a marvelous journey towards a technologically innovative city of San Francisco. The city of San Francisco has forever been a national symbol of coveted opportunity, cultural disapprobation, technological blossoming – and, frankly, economic inequality. In the past, countless attempts were made by multiple scholars to identify the sources of San Francisco’s social inequalityRead MoreSocial Income Inequality Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesA major social problem in America today is its inequality of the distribution of income. Income inequality refers to the gap between the rich and the poor. The United States has the most unequal income distribution in the industrialized world, and it is growing at a faster rate than any other industrialized country (Eitzen Leedham, pg. 37). The main reason as to why income is distributed so unequally is because of the gap between social cla sses. Each social class has a certain power, andRead MoreEssay on Social Inequality in the United States701 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Inequality in the United States There is a high degree of social inequality within the United States. Of most modern industrial countries, the United Stated has some of the richest and some of the poorest people to be found. That fact is very disturbing, however, explains why much of the inequality exists in the US. In the following essay I will explain to you about the inequality in our country and why it occurs, based on the theoretical perspectives of a functionalistRead MoreSocial Inequality In Australia Essay1580 Words   |  7 PagesSocial inequality and its impacts on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people Social inequality is a problematic phenomenon that occurs all around the world and affects both the developed and developing nations. It is defined as â€Å"the unequal distribution of social, political and economic resources within a social collective† (van Krieken et al. 2013, p. 205). Inequality is closely connected with social stratification, a system of social hierarchy that positions individuals and groups into categoriesRead MoreTheories of Social Inequality Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Social Inequality In briefly evaluating the classical and modern explanations of social inequality, it is essential that we step outside the realm of our own lives, class position, and discard any assumptions we might have about the nature of inequality. This process of critical pedagogy allows us to view our world, not from our perspective, but from a wider, more critical analysis of inequalitys nature. Also, it should be considered within this wider perspective that all theories

Campaign Speech Free Essays

I can say that being an elementary pupil is both fun and challenging. Class discussions and homework, joining the school band or the ukulele ensemble, being in the choir, engaging in sports, giving intermission numbers during school programs, joining in various contests, or even doing the household chores that await us after school—these are the challenges that we face every day, and these are the same challenges that make our elementary days enjoyable and worth remembering. That is why I am so happy that a pupil’s government exists in our school, because through it, we can make our stay in our dear school even better than what we are already experiencing. We will write a custom essay sample on Campaign Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now We now have a voice. And I would be honored to represent you guys and let your needs and desires be heard so that together with the teachers and school administrators, we can achieve that holistic and well-rounded education that all of us aspire to have. I feel that the candidates for this position are all qualified, but my love for our school and for the pupil population is what I can most of all boast about because that is my driving force to run and hopefully serve. I am actually excited of what you and me can do together if I would be elected, and you can expect that I would not put your votes to waste and that I will deliver my best. With that said, I humbly ask for your votes. Don’t forget to put my name, Kyle Antonette C. Delubio, for vice president in the ballot. Thank you and good day! How to cite Campaign Speech, Papers

Operation Management A Free Case Study Of Tesco

Question: Prepare a case study of Tesco Answer: Executive Summary This study reflects the analysis of operational process of Tesco Plc. Tesco Plc is the largest business company in grocery retail market especially in UK. The company has more than 2291 stores in all part of the globe and more than 580000 employees. In UK grocery market, the company supplies 30 percent grocery products overall. The company faces various challenges from their competitors for unconventional operation management. This study focused in identifying the operational issues for Tesco through the analysis with theoretical approach. In order to conduct this study, analyst collected information from management and staffs of Tesco via interviewing some questions. Logistic system of the company does not relevant with the current demand of business especially in retail sector. The competitors of Tesco like ASDA, ALDI, Lidl, Morrisons, etc enlarge their business using latest information technology system. Instead of physical logistics, Tesco adopted online logistic named pure playe rs for the home delivery shopping of their products. However, online system unable to show the products properly to customer and information system does not provide appropriate information about stock level to management. It created complexity in business process. Just in time logistics system also not executed properly for Tesco in terms of outbound logistics. It increases high delivery costs for outbound delivery process. Identifying these issues, analyst recommends in adopting Prince2 Methodology system instead of Just in Time process in their logistic system. Moreover, e-procurement system is also recommended to Tesco in terms of mitigating high delivery costs for outbound logistic. Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers. Research Methodology In order to complete this assignment, analyst worked hard and collected primary as well as secondary data from various source. Primary data were collected by interviewing the management and staff as well as the customer of Tesco. On the other hand, secondary data were collected from the external sources such as internet, business related articles of Tesco, newspaper, etc. This assignment mainly focuses in analysis the logistics of Tesco. Therefore, in terms of completing the assignment required wide range of data that relate with the operation management from a business perspective. Analyst selects the top retail company named Tesco in order to analyse their logistic operation management. However, primary data are collected from via interviewing Tesco. Following question were asked to management and staffs during interview in terms of collection of primary data. Do you agree that your logistic system is enough to deliver services or products to customer all part of the country? How far you believe that logistic system of Tesco managed in better way? Are the stores of Tesco consumable for frequent order? Do you think Tesco provide accurate range in delivery system of products and services? Is the logistic system support to management properly in stock level management? How far you agree that logistic system of your comp[ay provide financial shared services with the visibility of POs? Above mention question are used in interview round at the workplace of Tesco in order to collect data for the assignment. However, majority of the management of Tesco described their view that logistic system of the company faces several issues and does not support the management properly in their stock level. Moreover, there is wide range of bias information that provided by the manager as well as staffs of the company. Therefore, analyst used several methods or technology in terms of analysing data and generates relevant data that much helpful in constructing the study. Analyst used post-positivism research approach for analysing data and gaining details of research topic. Post-positivism research philosophy helps in aligning the assignment proper way. Deductive research approach was also used for analysing the study and building the path. Deductive research approach allowed in analysing the data hypothetically and conducted a suitable result that helpful for the study. However, de scriptive research design was also used in terms of gather relevant data for the assignment. Introduction Tesco was first founded as a market stall in the East End of London in 1919. However, in 1929, Tesco first opened their stores in retail sector in UK. Since 1929, the company has achieved continuous growth in their business by providing quality products with low cost (Tescoplc.com, 2015). Thus, Tesco builds good relationship with the consumer and develops trust that helps in making the largest retail sector not only in UK but also in the world. Market review of 2014 of Tesco demonstrates that, the company currently operates within 12 countries worldwide such as UK, Australia, Singapore, China, Japan, India, etc. Apart from that, Tesco employs more than 530000 staffs within their 2291 stores in different locations worldwide. In UK, Tesco has more than 780 stores. Moreover, the company serves more than 10 million customers per week in all part of the country. In grocery retail sector, Tesco covers the top position in UK among the all grocery retailer such as ALDI, ASDA, etc. Bhadur (2008) argued that supplied 30 percent grocery products in UK. Bisen and Srivastava (2009) acknowledged that, Tesco was mainly delivers the food products. However, the company sells cloths, fuel energy, electronics products as well as provides financial services. Tesco is the largest group in business in UK. It has more than 310000 employees and over 2999 stores in all part in UK. The CEO of Tesco, Dave Lewis said that major part of profits and sales of Tesco Plc more than 65 percent come from the business in UK. However, CEO also said that major part of sales and profits are coming because the company is the market leader in UK. Customer Service: Tesco provides multi channel service to their customers. However, in 1997 Tesco was the first retailer that provide home shopping service to their consumer and grown their business largely. Boone (2012) opined that Tesco was the most profitable online retail grocery service providers. Tesco sells over 2 billion products in one month. In their e-commerce websites www.tescoplc.com, implement the click and collect service facility. It facilitate to provide multi channel service to consumer by offering the people to pick the purchased product where it suited such as in home or office or college, etc. Apart from that, Tesco provides self-service process that allowed in involving the customer with their delivery service (Bouraad, 2010). Tesco also provides club card to their loyal customer that offer additional benefits. It is also helps in building relationship with customers. Market Share: In grocery market in UK, Tesco is the leader of market. The company acquire 30 percent market share of overall grocery market in UK. However, market share of Tesco in UK grocery market has shrunk (Bowersox et al. 2007). The company runs their lowest level in grocery market due to British shopper discount chain ALDI and Lidl. In last 12 weeks, market share of Tesco dropped into 28.8 percent in comparison to 29.6 percent. Apart from that, in supermarket chains, the company is facing unpredictable pressure from the competitors such as Morrison, Waitrose, etc (Zhang et al. 2010). Market Share of Tesco Competitors: In retail market in UK, Tesco Plc is facing many challenges from their competitors. There are several competitors in UK market that provides biggest pressure to Tesco such as ALDI, Lidl, ASDA, Waitrose, Morrisons, Sainsbury, etc (Yang, 2011). Waitrose holds the 4.3 percent market share in UK retail sector whereas the main competitors of Tesco Plc ASDA hold the 17.50 percent market share. Strategic Issues in operation of Tesco In order to develop and sustain competitive advantage for operating the global market, Tesco implement the fundamental of logistic strategy (Weele, 2010). It assist the company to manage effective their resources such as import and export of goods flow, information, etc. Logistics strategy pays the important role in their inventory, integration of information, warehousing, packaging, transportation, material handling, etc. Strategic Logistic Planning of Tesco Logistics strategy created the effective management process of Tesco. However, in retail grocery industry becomes changed and rapid changes in this industry create challenges for Tesco in their operation management process and other aspects that elated to the business operations (Chaffey, 2009). These types of concerning issues developed the new competition. Apart from that, rapid use of information Technology system in logistic process and their operation of business by the other firms create new challenges for Tesco Plc. Tesco still provides maintain human related logistic service whereas the competitors of the company uses e-Logistics service (Chopra and Meindl, 2007). It is the big issues for Tescos business from the point of view of future sustainability. Following are the key issues in logistic strategy of Tesco that decrease market share of the company Customer Service: Nature as well as behaviour of customer changes rapidly. As the Tesco is leaders in retail market in UK, demand of products or service increased (Choudhury, 2010). Therefore, due to high demand of customer unable to manage their quality in both services as well as products. Logistics Costs: Tesco mainly focus on physical distribution for delivering products to the customers. However, Majority if companies in these days especially the competitors of Tesco uses e-logistic strategy in terms of product delivery (Edwards, 2011). It demonstrates that Tesco loss 30 percent of their sales value. Organisational Conflicts: This is also a big issue of logistics strategy of Tesco. There were not present any clear responsibility for the logistics of Tesco (Esper and Russell Crook, 2014). It creates complexity in business and the management of Tesco Plc unable to maintain the information about stock level. External Pressure: Continuous change in external environment regulates excessive pressure for Tesco. Apart from that, most of the company especially the companies from British area provide low cost products with high quality give pressure the business of Tesco Plc (Fernie and Sparks, 2009). High growth rate of ALDI and Lidl decrease more than 1 percent market share of Tesco Plc in retail industry in UK. Pressure Influencing Logistic System Trade Offs: According to top level management of Tesco, the company is looking for managing their logistics system in better way especially for the distribution and order system in their stores (Viens, 2008). Analysis of strategic and design issues in logistics part of Tesco JIT Logistics Tesco is lacking behind the better management in logistics company has even applied several form for strategies like JIT in logistics which was initially very much has changes its way traditional form of logistics. The delivery of raw materials of products and services was very much on time (Gandolfo and Sbrana, 2008). However, as the company started expansion project of opening of more than 3000 stores all round UK has made the JIT-L more ineffective which is why Tesco has to incurred huge loss of lack of product availability in 2010. For example criteria for supplier selection are being anticipated to change which again increases the delivery time of inbound shipment of the logistics has increased (Lasserre, 2004). The overall logistics cost has been increased due to lack of the proper transportation system. Factors associated with JIT L Issues in Transportations transfers: One of the major problems for the Tesco is transfers of materials and finished products to the stores and end consumers. Poor transportation process because of the increasing in stores ahs creat5ed lost of rift among the stores (Singh and Chand, 2010). For instance store in Birmingham has given the order of grocery items like rice, wheat and maize which has been sent wrong to the Manchester stores because of the poor technological error by the JIT-L. there has been ample evidence which shows that, inventory level within the stores not been up to date as the JIT is known for maintain the inventory level which was going low and tracking of trucking is cannot be done because of long distance range (Su et al. 2011). Apart from that, freight consolidation from manufacturing B to B because of the poor long distance freight consolidations and receiving shipment separately. Moreover, there is problems in supplier clustering because of the number of locati ons of conditions centers are increasing which is why the JIT transpirations system planning is getting poorer (Bizforum.org, 2015). Ordering process: When it comes to ordering process, it consists of number of activities like collecting, checking, entering and transmitting order informations. JIT L is not been working lately because of the increase in order cycle time is increasing (Su et al. 2011). As the customer are giving the order to the time the customer receives the order is very much poor because of the poor order cycle time which is customer not satisfied. This is hampering the more than 20,000 online customers who are not able to receive their products in time. Apart from that, JIT-L is sometime mixing the order of the client with others. This problems is been one of the major cause of the failing of the JIT-L within the Tesco (Couper et al. 2011). There has been huge gap in the JIT-L because of the difficulty level of implementing the JIT L in new stores which has been opened all over the UK and Europe. As most of the Tesco stores are facing no stock to follow on and the company has to also loose suppl iers which also has been reason for stop the production at very short notice (Doukidis and Paul, 1990). Reverse logistics Another major issue within the company is its reverse logistics practiced. Reverse logistics of Tesco Reverse model of the logistics of the Tesco is being in the scrutiny because of the return products are not being return within the time given limited that is promised by the Tesco (Gandolfo and Sbrana, 2008). Although company has been able to capture large market share but company fails to fulfill the demand of the customer on time which is why company is losing its market from its competitors like Asda, Boots limited and Sainsbury (Simpson and Erenguc, 2005). The model depicted above, the products which are in return because of the manufacturing defect or the other reason for defective is been creating problems for the clients how are not able to track their orders cancellations and the return of the good within the given time limit. As oppose to that, reverse logistics which company is been using is traditional method of supply chain model which consist of lack of automations in return process. Lack of office automation in return logistics is killing the business of the companies worldwide (Singh and Chand, 2010). As the communication plays important role in faster full filling the demand of customers and information flow. Lack of the proper way of managing the information helps the organisation to lead the process of the reverse logistics. Lack of right kind of delivery system and order picking has created lots of problems within the companies (Couper et al. 2011). Tesco is not able to fulfill the demand of the customer within the given or rather promised delivery time. Benchmarking capability: Extensive research and managing retails reverse logistics for the large firms and manufacturer help the company to compare the operations performance of the competitors (Doukidis and Paul, 1990). Tesco benchmarking style is been not up to date because of the lack of proper integration for the transportations. Serlized tracking: Serlized tracking is very much helpful in maintaining the returned products through tracking number dispositions which allows the company and customer to monitor the inventory and better manage of the supply chain system (Singh and Chand, 2010). However, company fails to maintain Serlized tracking because of the poor extension of the supply chain management (Svensson, 2010). By suing transportation logistics team has not been manage to channel returns efficiently for picking up the returns from the clients and stores and transport it to central return centre which why the issues is still being not been solved (www.siam.org, 2015). Store Based Picking E-Commerce Order (Logistics Model) Tesco Plc is the largest grocery retailers in UK and covers the top position in delivering good in retail sector in a very short period of time. However, Tesco Plc minimizes their competition and improve the market share in comparison to their competitors, the company has opted the home delivery operation their e-commerce website. Logistic Model of E-Commerce Orders (Store Based Picking) However, the company faces following challenges in their new developed logistics system Delivering Home Shopping such as Majority of customer did not reduce online offer. It destroyed the shopping viewpoint of Tesco for their customers. In order to low penetration and limited time, home delivery shopping and warehouse based picking was not believed from the viewpoint of economic (Stecher, 2009). For the outbound logistics for example outside of UK, rate of penetration grow high that did not make a valid option for warehouse based picking of purchased products. Jacobs et al. (2009) identified that the company unable to run successfully the home delivery shopping logistic system due to several challenges such as selection of variety trade-offs, delivery costs is too much high for outbound process that unable to management the operational costs for Tesco, limited online potential and the existing competition. Limited Online Potential: It was the potential challenges for Tesco. The new development system pure players for home delivery shopping were failed due to low availability of potential in online (Huang, 2012). Due to older information Technology system and minimum knowledge of their IT staffs, Tesco unable to shows their entire services and products to the consumers online based (Khachidze, 2012). Limited online potential was not able to motivate consumer in purchasing products from Tesco Plc. High Costs of Delivery: Tesco is the largest grocery companies in UK. However, the company market share covers a major part in worldwide grocery industry (Olson, 2010). Therefore, Tesco adopt the online purchasing facilities for their customers and provide home delivery for shopping. This logistics system was not properly executing due to high delivery costs especially for the unbound logistics (Rossetti and Dooley, 2010). Tesco had to pay more for delivered the purchased products when the item delivered from outside of London. It creates many difficulties in their operation management process (Sehgal, 2009). Due to high delivery costs in outbound logistic system, Tesco failed to implement the new logistics system in their operation channel. Selection of Variety Trade-offs: Demand of people or customer changes rapidly. Therefore, the new adopted logistics system of Tesco was introduced for the home delivery of products that purchased via online (Shalashova, 2013). However, there are many people who demand for cash on delivery of purchased products as well as many of customer demand for online payment of purchased products, etc. Wide range of trade-offs create complexity for new logistics system of Tesco. Existing Entrenched Competition: This is the major challenges of Tesco in logistic system. Earlier the company uses physical logistics system from the view points of their products and services (Shen, 2010). Unlike to their competitors, Tesco adopted home shopping delivery services. However, the existing competitors of Tesco such as ALDI, Lidl, ASDA, etc already developed their business successfully in grocery retail markets with wide range of logistics service such as e-logistics that allows the company in facilitating their customers for online payment as well as cash on delivery of purchased products very well (Singh, 2009). ASDA uses pay pal system in their e-logistic process that allowed customer in secure online trisection for purchased products (Skiadas et al. 2011). It builds loyalty of consumer that decrease market share of Tesco. Finding and Conclusion From that above discussion it has been identified that as a large business company, Tesco have major problems in their logistic system. The company runs more than 780 stores with a commercial website www.tescoplc.co.uk in UK. The main logistic problems of Tesco are the stores of the company consumable for frequent order. Apart from that, stores of Tesco have limited visibility about their stock information in both online and physical. Lack of information about stock level unable to management the operation process by top level management of the company. Logistic system of Tesco has lean side of caution. Financial Shared Service Centre of Tesco had not any visibility in terms of online order in logistics system. Product range and store information are not provided by the logistic system. Supply chain management process also becomes completed when the company expand their business worldwide Recommendations Prince2 Methodology: As Tesco expand their business worldwide, they need to adopt Prince2 Methodology instead of Just in Time logistic process. It brings lot of opportunities for Tesco and will benefit the top as well as bottom line logistic system. This methodology save times by involving business standards and appropriate road map for future growth. Save money by involving re-assessment and updates the mandatory key points of business. Prince 2 Methodology helps Tesco in delivering quality and compliance service through product based planning, changing the process of controlled, redefining the roles and responsibilities of management and staffs, etc. E-Procurement System: In logistic system of Tesco, E-procurement system leverages the volume that reduces the high delivery costs for outbound logistics. It will also create appropriate structure for suppliers relationship for improvement of supplier performance and service quality. Centralising the information about transaction such as purchased, process of orders, payment modes, etc. Moreover, it ensures the existing compliance and established fair contracts with customers. E-procurement system will allow Tesco in using technology such as request for quotation (e-RFQ), Electronic request for information (e-RFI), request for proposal (e-RFP), etc. Thus, Tesco can able to prove that sources of their products and goods made with the agreement framework that enable them in offering product or service in best prices. Reference List Books Bhadur, R. (2008). Production and operation management. Jaipur, India: Book Enclave. Bisen, V. and Srivastava, S. (2009). Production operation management. Lucknow, India: Word-Press. Boone, L. (2012). Contemporary marketing, 2013 update. [s.l.]: Cengage learning custom p. Bowersox, D., Closs, D. and Cooper, M. (2007). Supply chain logistics management. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Chaffey, D. (2009). E-business and e-commerce management. Harlow, England: FT Prentice Hall. Chopra, S. and Meindl, P. (2007). Supply chain management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Edwards, J. (2011). DOD's 2010 Comprehensive Inventory Management Improvement Plan addressed statutory requirements, but faces implementation challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office. Huang, D. (2012). Intelligent computing theories and applications. Berlin: Springer. Khachidze, V. (2012). Contemporary research on E-business technology and strategy. Berlin: Springer. Sehgal, V. (2009). Enterprise supply chain management. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Shen, W. (2010). Opening address. Nuclear Physics A, 834(1-4), pp.1c-2c. Singh, M. (2009). Operation management. New Delhi: Sonali Publications. Stecher, W. (2009). Annona. Norderstedt: Books on Demand. Weele, A. (2010). Purchasing supply chain management. Andover: Cengage Learning. Zhang, L., Lu, B. and Kwok, J. (2010). Advances in neural networks--ISNN 2010. Berlin: Springer. Journals Bouraad, F. (2010). IT project portfolio governance: The emerging operation manager. Project Management Journal, 41(5), pp.74-86. Choudhari, S. and Anand Raj, P. (2009). Multiobjective Multireservoir Operation in Fuzzy Environment. Water Resources Management, 24(10), pp.2057-2073. Choudhury, P. (2010). Reservoir flood control operation model incorporating multiple uncontrolled water flows. Lakes Reservoirs: Research Management, 15(2), pp.153-163. Conti, R. Angelis, J. Cooper, C. Fagegher, B. and Gill.C (2006) The effects of lean production on worker job stress, International Journal of Operations Production Management. Vol. 26 No. 9, pp. 1013-1038. Couper, M., Kennedy, C., Conrad, F., Tourangeau, R. (2011). Designing Input Fields for Non-Narrative Open-Ended Responses in Web Surveys. Journal of Official Statistics, 65-85. Doukidis, G., Paul, R. (1990). A Survey of the Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques within the OR Society. The Journal of the Operational Research, 363-375. Esper, T. and Russell Crook, T. (2014). Supply Chain Resources: Advancing Theoretical Foundations and Constructs. J Supply Chain Manag, p.n/a-n/a. Fernie, J. and Sparks, L. (2009). Logistics retail management. London: Kogan Page Ltd. Fine, C. (2013). Intelli-Sourcing to Replace Offshoring as Supply Chain Transparency Increases. J Supply Chain Manag, 49(2), pp.6-7. Gandolfo, A. and Sbrana, R. (2008). Reverse Logistics and Market-Driven Management. Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management, (2). Jacobs, F., Chase, R., Aquilano, N. and Chase, R. (2009). Operations and supply management. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Kayakutlu, G. and Bakan, G. (2010). Effective supply value chain based on competence success. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 15(2), pp.129-138. Lasserre, F. (2004). Logistics and the Internet: transportation and location issues are crucial in the logistics chain. Journal of Transport Geography, 12(1), pp.73-84. Nasiri, P., Davoudpour, H. and Karimi, B. (2010). The Impact of Integrated Analysis on Supply chain Management: A Coordinated Approach for Inventory Control Policy. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 15(4). 13-22 Olson, E. (2010). Supply chain opportunity in an uncertain economic recovery. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 15(6), pp.488-492. Rossetti, C. and Dooley, k. (2010). Job types in the supply chain management profession. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 46(3), pp.40-56. Shalashova, N. (2013). Logistic system azov seaport and waysto optimize. The Russian Academic journal, 25(3). Simpson, N. and Erenguc, S. (2005). Modeling multiple stage manufacturing systems with generalized costs and capacity issues. Naval Research Logistics, 52(6), pp.560-570. Singh, O. and Chand, S. (2010). JIT practices in supply chains: a review and modelling for supplier base reduction for electronics industry. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 6(1), p.113. Skiadas, C., Dimotikalis, I. and Skiadas, C. (2011). Chaos theory. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Co. Su, W., Qin, P., Li, L. and Huang, X. (2011). Research on JIT Production Logistics Management System. AMR, 328-330, pp.717-720. Svensson, G. (2010). Teleological approaches in supply chain management: illustrations. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 15(1), pp.16-20. Viens, A. (2008). Operation of Justice in a Public Healthcare System. American Journal of Bioethics, 1(2), pp.1c-2c. Yang, C. (2011). Supplier Selection of Multi-Agent Logistic System. KEM, 467-469, pp.614-619. Websites Bbc.co.uk, (2014) Tesco Market Share. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16817254 [Accessed on: 07.01.2015] Bizforum.org, (2015). Reverse logistics a supply chain opportunity. Available at: https://www.bizforum.org/whitepapers/CSC-3.htm [Accessed on: 07.01.2015]. Tescoplc.com, (2014) History of Tesco. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=11 [Accessed on: 07.01.2015] www.siam.org, (2015). The role of transportation in logistics chain. Available at: https://www.siam.org/journals/plagiary/1657.pdf [Accessed on: 07.01.2015].

Hamlets Options Essays - Characters In Hamlet,

Hamlet's Options Hamlets Options KING: Bow, stubborn knees, and heart with strings of steel, Be soft as sinews of the newborn babe! All may be well. (He kneels) HAMLET: Now might I do it pat, now a is a-praying; And now Ill do t. And so a goes to heaven, and so am I revenged. At this moment the main problem of Hamlet could be ended. Hamlet could kill his Uncle Claudius and avenge his fathers death, and the case would (excepting the case of some unknown tragedy) be closed. He would not accidentally kill Polonius, and perhaps he, Ophelia, Gertrude, and Laertes would not end up dead. The play might not have such an entirely tragic ending after all. However, Hamlet chooses not to. HAMLET: Up, sword, and know thou a more horrid hent. When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage, Or in th incestuous pleasure of his bed, At game a-swearing, or about some act That has no relish of salvation in t Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven, And that his soul may be as damned and black As hell, whereto it goes. By most accounts, this passage would be taken to mean that he does not kill Claudius because at this time the King is praying, and when praying ones soul will ascend to heaven if one should die. Hamlet wants Claudius to burn in hell; for him to go to heaven would make his revenge void. He will avenge his fathers death when Claudius is engaged in some other less holy act, in order to insure the Kings place in hell. Of course, by his delaying his revenge, the entire plot of the play goes in a different direction. Immediately after this scene Hamlet speaks with his mother, unknowing of the fact that Polonius is hiding behind a curtain in the room with them. When the Queen becomes frightened by Hamlets irate demeanor she cries out for help, as does Polonius. Hamlet mistakes Polonius for Claudius and stabs him to death. This, of course, causes a landslide of tragedy in the play. Claudius exiles Hamlet to England and sends sealed letters to the King of England telling him to kill Hamlet upon his arrival. Ophelia goes insane. Laertes, Hamlets brother, returns from France with an army, demanding to know why Polonius was killed. Claudius enlists Laertes to kill Hamlet. Ophelia commits suicide. Hamlet and Laertes duel at her funeral; both of them are mortally wounded, Gertrude kills herself and Hamlet kills Claudius. Laertes and Hamlet forgive each other, Hamlet names the Norwegian prince Fortinbras as successor to the throne, everyone dies, the end. Its not quite so cut and dry as this, however. Hamlet the play and Hamlet the character are much more complex than this. Throughout the play we are given the impression that Hamlet is one moody, melancholy dude. Consider his situation: his father died. His fathers ghost appears and speaks to him and tells him he has been murdered, and his poor son must avenge his death. This right here is one big problem in and of itself: how is Hamlet supposed to know if this is even his father? How does he know the ghost is not some demon from hell? What if hes going crazy and hallucinating? Another problem: the women in his life. Ophelia isnt exactly a grounding force; she ends up losing her mind and committing suicide. He dares not hurt his mother Gertrude, as the ghost told him not to harm her in getting his revenge. Is he really helping his country by killing the king? Does that do Denmark any good? And murder, of course, is not exactly easy. Already a thoughtful, complex man, whom I might diag nose as manic depressive; Hamlets slow unraveling throughout the course of the play is due to the many factors that are constantly pressing down on him. So, when he decides not to kill Claudius in Act 3 Scene 3, is it really because of his need to see the King burn in hell, or is that just an excuse for Hamlets doubts and misgivings in order to delay enacting his revenge? Hamlet is too intricate a character to be so singularily focused on one goal; it is obvious

Minors in Prison essays

Minors in Prison essays Imagine the daily life of a convict in prison. Every day, eating meals the quality of airline food. Think about the disgusting rapist sleeping in the bunk above you. Imagine watching other inmates as they are beaten and harassed as you huddle in the corner of your cell to avoid them. Now imagine this life for a teenager. It is hardly appropriate for someone so young to be exposed to a lifestyle like that. Juveniles should not be tried in courts as those of adult age are. Our society recognizes teenagers as adults once they turn eighteen. Until then, adult privileges such as smoking and voting are restricted. If teenagers are excluded from the privileges of adulthood, why should they be punished in the same manner as adults? Juveniles often find themselves controlled by hormones. In a matter of minutes, a simple argument can become a deadly shooting. The guilty teenager is reduced to a mass of devastation and shock. Then this criminal juvenile becomes a victim to the severe standards of adult courts. This teen then spends the next twenty years of their life in a prison, still pondering over the day that changed their life. The truth of the matter is that teenagers are controlled by a young and active rage. If a juvenile actually does sit at home and plot a murder out, then they need mental assistance not a prison life. When teenagers are actually taken to prison, most of them are put into cells along with adult convicts. According to the Bureau of Justice Assistance, only 13 percent of 148 surveyed prisons reported holding a separate area for juvenile felons. The fourteen-year-old boy who was mixed up in a gang shootout is placed in the same cell as the thirty-year-old man with fifteen accounts of rape on his record. In these adult prisons, teenagers are abused. According to Bureau of Justice statistics, more than 21 percent of convicts under the age of 24 say they were hit at least once while in prison. ...

Printmaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Printmaking - Essay Example This painting shows a variety of things and affects the reader’s emotion in a variety of ways. The ability of the painter to incorporate simplicity and complexity all at once, or peace and hostility simultaneously, movement and stillness in the same piece make this piece highly admirable and equally impressive.The painter merely used paper and charcoal as opposed to using other preferable and durable media. Thirdly, the piece is also highly inspirational since it connects the audience with the emotions of the painter. Viewing such a painting, one would argue that the painter was in a state of emotional confusion, or experience mixed feelings with a deep urge to be at peace. As such, the depiction of the painting using diverse emotions and a key purpose in mind presented just the perfect piece of work. As such, the most intriguing aspect of the printmaking project by Nelligan is the fact that the painting is a metaphorical oxymoron. The depiction of two sides of an emotion in t he same picture, two opposing themes and two opposing features of a painting is the key reason that this painting is the perfect selection. The simplicity holds in it, from the media to the subject or overall theme of the painting is also admirable. The painter focused on a set of values and this thus shows a significant aspect about the exceptionality of the painter, a feature that any printmaker or painter would love to possess as a skill set. As such, the selection of this piece is based on one main conclusion; it is spectacular.

Muslim Empire In Spain ( Alandalus ) Research Paper

Muslim Empire In Spain ( Alandalus ) - Research Paper Example HISTORY In 711 AD, the Christian chief Julian went and appealed to the governor of North Africa Musa ibn Nusair for his assistance against the tyrannical rule of Roderick in Spain. The Moorish Umayyad army consisting of 7000 troops from North Africa under their Commander Tariq bin Ziyad crossed the state of Gibraltar and gained control over much parts of the Iberian Peninsula. Roderick was killed in the battle and his Visigoth army was defeated. It was the start of an eight year Islamic rule in that region. From the 8th- 15th centuries, various parts of the Iberian Peninsula majorly Southern Spain, Portugal and France were ruled by the Muslims; which were mostly Arab or Berber. PERIOD The Muslim empire in Spain was not under a single reign instead it was a series of different successions made by various Muslim rulers. From 711- 716, the military troops under their leader Tariq ibn Ziyad conquered the region. In 756, the Umayyad prince Abd ar Rahman.I establishes the Emirate of Cordoba. It was a blooming time of the Umayyad dynasty as well as for the Arab culture (BBC, 2009). Later Abd ar Rahman.III took over. The reign of Umayyad dynasty in Spain lasted from 756- 929. Civil wars in 1009 and 1013 totally collapsed the Emirate of Cordoba. As result of this various small states came into being. These states known as the â€Å" Taifas† were divided amongst Arabs, Berbs and Iberian Muslims. As they were weak in military power and thus asked the help of the North African warriors to help fight the Christian kings. From 1080- 1250 Almoravids and then Alhomads ruled. DECLINE In 1212, the Christian states united against the Alhomads . And till 1252 nearly all the Iberian Peninsula came under the three Christian states of Portugal, Aragon, and Castile. The reason of decline of the Muslim empire in Spain was not because the Christians were strong, but it was because the Muslim rulers were cutting each other’s throat and hence was becoming weaker. By the mid thirteenth century the Muslim rule in Spain was limited to a thin mountainous strip of land in the south. In 1230-40 Muhammed ibn Yusuf ibn Nasr founded a state centered around the city of Granada. Granada had a weak economy and had to face internal conflicts as well.Also the Muslims in North Africa at that time, went into decline and could no longer provide Granada their support (Islam & Islamic History, 2001). The Christian States of Castile, Aragon and Portugal united and grew stronger. In 1474, war started and one city after another came to the Christian artillery. In 1492, after an eight-month siege, Granada also became a part of Christian artillery. The Muslims in Spain finally lost all their in 1492.And by 1502, after 800 years the Christians gained power again and issued orders involving Muslims to convert to Christianity, otherwise imposing brutal limitations. The Muslim empire in Spain made various contributions in many fields. During Abd ar Rahman III reign, books from Baghdad (as it was the centre for research back then) were brought to this land. Libraries, hospi tals, Research centers and centre of Islamic studies were established. Scholars, historians, poets and researchers were invited to the region to make their contributions in their respective fields. ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCIENCE Science is a very vast field. The Muslim scientists and scholars contributed a

Negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Negotiation - Essay Example The negotiation techniques must come along with the cultural dynamics that will help minimize negotiation issues. This paper will examine the culture of the Chinese and the US in an attempt to explain how their comparisons and dissimilarities impact the negotiation process. The paper will then give recommendation on ways of minimize intercultural negotiation conflicts. According to Lam & Graham (2007) the Chinese negotiators have embraced a culture of asking questions. This explains that their form of negotiation is one that involves the tactic of exchanging information. The authors continue to indicate that the Chinese negotiations have a tendency of using the â€Å"yes†, and â€Å"no† statements (Lam & Graham, 2007). The Chinese have also been indicated to embrace long periods of silence that allow them to listen to the other members of the negotiation table. In addition, the culture of the Chinese negotiators involves long facial gazes. They also ask fewer questions and devote their time to providing more information on what they expected in the course and at the close of the negotiation (Gelfand & Brett, 2004). The Chinese would be indicated to settle till the issue at hand was solved or when the parties involved would come to a conclusion. In the negotiation context, the Chinese can simply be said cooperative negotiators. On ano ther note, Ghauri & Fang (2001) indicate that being an emerging economy, the Chinese people focus more creating personal relationships with their negotiators; thus, have trust that their relationships and do not hold the opinion that after creating friends, their relationships will break or any form of forgery will take place. In the case of the United States, they focus more on written form of agreements as opposed to the Chinese that mostly rely on creating personal relationships (Shell, 2006; Starkey, Boyer &

Assessment and process of medical education

Assessment and process of medical education Assessment plays an important role in the process of medical education as it is an effective tool which detect quality in students training to motivate and direct them to what they must learn(1). Assessment drives learning this statement focus on the essential role of assessment as well planned and implemented assessment has an important steering effect on learning because it transfers what is important to learn and motivate students for learning(2). Many people argued that as the curriculum should be the key which motivate learning while assessment should be designed to be sure that learning outcomes have occurred, So assessment tool must has clarity of the learning purpose and must be designed to drive educational intent and maximize learning(3). Constructive alignment is an important influential idea in which the students construct meaning from related learning activities and teachers apply learning environment which support planned learning activities to achieve the intended learning outcomes(4). So constructive alignment makes the teaching systems consistent when curriculum, learning activities and assessment methods are aligned with intended learning outcomes(5) . Moreover, assessment may reveal learning outcome which isnt expected but it is recognized as important outcome, so it must be integrated into the intended learning outcome as emergent outcome(6). Formative assessment promotes deeper learning as it provides students with feedback to encourage them to know their strength and weakness which reinforce students internal motivation to learn and improve their knowledge and skills(7). Summative assessment is a final assessment which determine the rank-order students and decide grades(1). Wass et al(7) argued superficial learning which aim mainly on passing the examination and they emphasized on the importance of feedback on students assessment which encourage student reflection and deep learning. However, Epstein(8) showed that summative assessment influence learning even in the absence of feedback as students study what they expect to be tested on. Although formative and summative assessment are stark in contrast, they are both necessary and distinction between them should be made to detect which assessment is suitable only for formative use or have sufficient rigorous for summative use(7). Van der Vleuten and Schuwirth(9) emphasize d that formative and summative assessment can be used with little difference with focusing on the development of comprehensive assessment programme in which both encourage learning and right decision about learners. I will focus my writing on written assessment as I am involved in assessing written examination of MSc of Radiology scince 5 years. According to Miller pyramid we use written assessment to assess the domain of cognition, either factual recall of knowledge knows or application of knowledge and problem solving knows how. We use written assessment in the form of essays and multiple choice questions in formative assessment of the residents and in summative assessment of final exam. Our final written exam formed of two papers of essays, each one formed of four essay questions with three hours duration for each, and third paper of 20 multiple choice questions with one hour duration. When we prepare a written exam we identify the level of residents training to apply test which assess knowledge appropriate to students experience. Essay questions are effective method for assessing cognitive skills as they can assess ability of students to form answer and measure their attitude and opinions, also they can give students effective feedback on their learning(10,11). But it has the disadvantage of being time-consuming test to grade and its test doesnt cover a wide domain. Newble and Cannon(11) stated that essay is either extended response questions which are useful in assessing higher cognitive skills like analysis, synthesis , problem solving, and restricted response questions used for testing knowledge of lower level but it has the advantage of being more reliable as scoring variation can decreased with it. Epstein(8) stated that well structured essay with clear framework can eliminate cueing and maintain more cognitive process with context rich answers. We usually used extended response questions by which we assess students higher level of knowledge, but I think for improving essay test utility, we must make mix of the two essays types with using clear words on constructing questions like using describe, criticize and compare instead of discuss to direct students to desired answer, as I find some poor structured essay questions in our exam, for example discuss radiological imaging of breast mass which I can change it to be compare between ultrasoun d and mammography for differentiating breast mass. Van der vleuten(12) stated five criteria to assess assessment tool utility which are reliability, validity, educational impact, acceptability and cost effectiveness. Reliability measures consistency of the assessment test and it is often described as reliability per hour of testing time as time is a limiting factor during exam, so essays are low reliable than MCQ because it require longer time to answer(13). Schuwrith and Van der Vleuten(14) stated that inter-case correlation of different essays in certain test is low as the essays numbers which can be asked in a certain test is limited. Chase(15) stated that essay scoring is a complex process as it has many variables which are essay content, writer, rater and other colleague variability with their significant writing effect. The most important type of reliability for rater-type assessment is inter-rater reliability, single inter-rater reliability (which mean correlation between two raters) ranges from 0.3 to 0.8 as this depend on topic of the essay, the essay length, the rater experience and the level of rater training(16). But Munro(17) et al stated that single inter-rater reliability can be regularly obtained as 0.7 if there is continuous extensive rater training. On agreement with those authors about increasing inter-rater reliability we already use double markers for assessing essays question and the mean of their score is calculated to be the end score. Essays are poor objective test for assessing learning outcomes as there is variability in the assessment scores through different examiner with variation of perfect answer (18,19). Norman et al(20) stated that providing structured marking of the essay may improve its reliability but it may cause process trivialization. Schuwrith and Van der Vleuten(14) emphasized that using one marker for each essay for all students is more reliable than one marker for all essays of the same student. Davis(18) stated that using double marking for the same question is mandatory to reduce variation incidence between the markers. Beattie and James(21) suggested using checklist in marking essay to reduce subjectivity and improve objectivity of essay as it provides the examiner with key point of each item and its allocated marks. As mentioned before, double markers are applied in our radiology department for assessing each question but we dont use checklist in marking the essay question, so I think this m ake our examination less reliable with poor objectivity and we have to use checklist with specific marks on each part of the question. Validity is the ability of assessing method to measure what is purported to(19). The valid method will reflect what the students achieved from intended learning objectives of the course, so increasing the test item is essential for more valid test, therefore the validity of the essays is limited(6). Brown(22) advises using large numbers of short essays to improve its reliability and validity and to reduce sampling errors. However, Davis(18) argued that as this may cause more time consuming to mark. As we begin to apply a test blueprint to determine the main content of the test which must have high content validity to cover intended learning objectives, we have to use larger number of shorter essays to be eight to ten short essays instead of four long essays according to test blueprint. Van der Vleuten(23) stated that assessment methods should have content validity which must be designed and mapped on a blueprint. Modified essay questions was initially produced by the Royal College of General Practitioners in London and are widely used now(11). Davis(18) stated the importance of using context rich scenario which will direct the students to answer with precise data and increase exam reality. Schuwirth and Van der Vleuten(14) showed that written case-simulation essay appeared to be more valid as its questions focus on history taking, diagnosis, investigation and examination findings which are closely related to real practice. However Swanson et al (24) argued that as these essays arent suitable for assessing problem solving questions. Newble and Cannon(11) showed that certain skills is needed for constructing modified essay questions to avoid giving idea about answers of a previous question or punshing the student on question constructing error. Also, Schuwirth and Van der Vleuten(13) emphasized that considerable structure of essay question is necessary but over-structuring may lead to limited i ncrease in its reliability, As we use essays in both formative and summative assessment we have to use modified essays instead of traditional essays especially in resident formative assessment as we returned it to students with its model answer for discussing during the tutorial, as this will encourage student critical thinking and reflection, but also we must take training about constructing modified essay questions to avoid poor form which may cause assessment error. Schuwirth and Van der Vleuten(13) advised using essays in limited occasions when objective tests are not suitable, Objective written tests like short answer question, matching exercise and multiple choice questions ( MCQ) have the advantage of being economic, rapidly scoring, high reliable and evaluate the student in large content(25). There are two major format of MCQ which are True/False format and single best answer. True/False format can cover a broad amount of the topics and are easily marked but they mainly measure definitions and simple facts(26). Case and Swanson(27) explained why using True/False format is markedly reduced as it is not only difficult to construct but it mainly used to assess recalling of isolated fact to avoid ambiguous items, also they cant detect if the student who identify correctly the false statement knows the right answer or not. Another disadvantage of true/false format is their high probability of guessing(28). To overcome guessing, negative marking was achieved in which there is deducing marks for the wrong answer, but these may produce negative psychometric results(25). We sometimes use true/false format instead of single best answer, as we think it covers a broad items in the curriculum and can measure complex outcomes but we dont apply negative marking for MCQ correction as we think that is stressful to the students, also I have bad memory about using negative marking when I was medical student at 2nd year I got 19/50 in physiology MCQ test and this caused to me poor willingness to MCQ risk. When, I read carefully a previous exam of True/False format, unfortunately I find some unambiguous questions which may cause a critical failure for these questions. So I think we must limit using these types only for assessing definitions and facts identifications and apply other types of objective tests to avoid the guessing probability of true/false format. This is in agreement with Schuwrith et al(13) who stated that True/false questions are only suitable when the question purpose is to evaluate if the student is able to determine the correctness of hypothesis. MCQ are able to evaluate broad range of learning outcomes within a short time and limited human intervention, also they have low guessing probability with free question of ambiguity(29). In the tutorial of decembrer 2010, there is a debate about effect of MCQ guessing on test reliability, but I learn from the discussion an interesting concept which emphasized that guessing doesnt change test reliability as good student is a good guesser. For constructing good MCQ items it is essential to have a good idea about the content, study the objective of the assessment and apply high quality form for items writing(27). MCQ consist of stem and several options, stem is formed of sentence or question and may be accompanied by diagrams or tables, while the correct option is defined as keyed response and the wrong options are called distracters(29,30). Case and Swanson(27) stated that MCQ must be well structured to be simple, easily understood with using plausible distracters, also grammatical errors especially using negative and inaccurate words like never, sometimes, frequently and usually should be avoided as they may lead to examinees confusions(31). Lowe(32) stated that the useful distracters should demonstrate a misconception between the students about the right option, so writing many plausible distracters is a difficult part for MCQ construction with more time consuming. The flaws of writing distracters which include using more than correct answer, using all of the above or none of the above, or making the right option is the longest one should be avoided(33). MCQ reliability increase with removing non plausible distraction(34,35). Although we choose MCQ from question banks or MCQ books to reduce the examination preparation time , unfortunately I find many drawbacks in our last MCQ exam, firstly one question contains doubl e negatives, also in another question I find it was easily to eliminate some distracters, while other questions contain inaccurate words which are sometimes and always. So I think we must take care during choosing MCQ distracters which should appear to the students as a valid answer while it is incorrect, also we must avoid apparent incorrect or plain distracters. So, we need to take training courses for MCQ preparation and writing MCQ stems and distracters to avoid MCQ flaws and constructing good items. Collins(30) showed that MCQ have the disadvantage of being test knowledge recognition rather than constructing answer. Mcaleer(31) argued that as MCQ are an objective test which doesnt allow students the chance for giving additional information and doesnt apply examiner to put judgment on student answer quality. I agree with Mcaleer(31) as we use MCQ as an objective test to assess understanding knowledge of a broad range of learning objectives within a short time. Reliability is refered to reproducibility of the assessment score and it is expressed as a coefficient which range from 1 for perfect reliability and 0 for no reliability. MCQ are widely used due its high reliability which is attributed to its ability to assess broad amount of knowledge by providing large number of items which address areas of context specificity within a short time(7,30). Downing(36) stated that written test especially MCQ has high internal consistency reliability as the test score would be near the same if exam is repeated at later time. Van der vleuten and Schuwirth(9) showed that the predominant factor which affect reliability is domain as competence depend on context specificity. While McCoubrie(25) argued that and he stated that the assumption of MCQ as a reliable test is weak as they are only reliable because they maintain a time efficient test with wild sampling of topics. Van der vleuten and Schuwirth(9) stated that the reliability of MCQ test in one hour is 0.62 which is increased to 0.93 for four hours test due to using more items number. Wass etal(37) stated that for important exam in which stakes are high a high reliability of 0.8 or more is essential to determine pass-fail decision but for formative assessment lower reliability can be accepted. Our final MCQ exam contain 20 questions with examination time of one hour, s has low reliability due to small number of items within short time which miss many objectives of our curriculum, So I think we have to increase the question numbers to cover more knowledge of context specificity and consequentially increase the test time to improve the test reliability. A criticism of MCQ validity as it measures the factual knowledge and doesnt integrate skills, attitude and communication skills(25). Downing and Yudkowsky(38) emphasized that knowledge is the single best domain which determine expertise, so MCQ is a valid competence method which assess cognitive knowledge. Collins(30) stated that MCQ have a high validity if it represents a wide sample of content that serve the objective learning outcomes. However, Shumway and Harden(1) critic that as MCQ asses discrete superficial knowledge not deep understanding as they designed to detect what students know or dont know. Blooms taxonomy of educational objectives is a hierarchy of knowledge for different cognitive level which are knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation(39). While educators simplified Blooms taxonomy into three levels which are knowledge recalling, comprehension and analysis, and problem solving(11). Case and Swanson(27) and Mcaleer(31) showed that well-structured MCQ can assess the taxonomic higher cognitive process like interpretation, application and analysis rather than assessing recalling of facts. Peitzman et al(40) argued that as they stated using higher-order MCQ doesnt improve MCQ validity but it makes them more real and acceptable to students and examiner. Also, Frederiksen(41) stated it is difficult to construct MCQ with rich context as item writers tend to escape from topics which cant be easily asked. In agreement with Case and Swanson(27) and Mcaleer(31), we try to choose MCQ level with different cognitive level, and when I revise our MCQ tests I find some questions which can assess recalling of knowledge(Q*) and other assess problem solving(Q**) for the same topic, example of this is: Q*:what is the effective measure which reduce radiation of CT chest? a-120 mA b-150 mA c-200 mA d-250 mA Q**:what of the following will reduce dose of radiation for CT chest? a-reducing mA from 250 to 150 b- reducing KVp from 160 to 120 c-reducing the pitch to be 1 instead of 2 d-reducing scanning time to be 1 instead of 2 Blueprint is an important powerful tool for integrated curriculum as it maintain assessing all its intended learning objectives.(42). Our faculty assessment centre members work in progress and they make many orientation about blueprint construction and its importance, also they asked all departments to finish their blueprint, but until now we evaluate our exams retrograde according to our ILOs, but unfortunately in some written exam we found that the items dont cover all topics of the curriculum and missed many ILOs, also in other written exam we find a focus on certain system rather than other systems which may produce bias of examination results as the questions sample doesnt represent a big domain of knowledge. So, I think we are urgently in need to use test blueprint which cover the learning objectives and assessing methods to identify the key topics which must be tested according to our objectives and determine the questions numbers according to their corresponding weight in the context. This is in agreement with Downing and Haladyna(43) who stated that blueprint reduce two validity threats which are under-sampling bias of the curriculum and constructing irrelevant items. Consequential validity is referred to the real impact of an assessment method on learning which appropriately drive students learning(25). Wass et al(7) stated that consequential validity refers to the educational consequence of the test as it produce the desired educational outcomes, which means that students should study subject rather than studying the test. Although consequential validity is an important process, it is ignored by many examiners(44). I think our written exam has significant educational impact on how our students study, as from my experience students study what they need to pass rather than studying the whole integrated information. To improve this, we have to use different forms of written assessment which must cover the important content of the curriculum, and it should be mixed with continuous formative assessment and feedback to steer our students to determine what they study and how they learn. This is in agreement with Van der Vleuten(12) who stated that asse ssment can drive learning through four ways: assessment content and structure, the question which asked and the frequency of repeated examination. Newble and cannon(11) advice using computerized optical mark reader to score and analyze MCQ tests as the computer programmed has the advantage of applying statistical data of the test which include reliability coefficient, standard deviation and test item analysis . In our exam we use a hand marking sheet of answers to correct MCQ. But recently our faculty bought a new computer machine for correcting the MCQ test, so we need to learn how to use it for interpreting the test information as these may help us to improve next exam. Shumway and Harden(1) emphasized that practicability of an assessment method depends on resources, expertise availability and their costs. Resource intensiveness is determined by cost of constructing and correcting the test items(45). Cost includes beginning and continuing resources which are needed for test implantation(1). Essay questions appear to be easily constructed items but specific answer key is needed which may cause more time-consuming for preparation(18). MCQ seem to be easy to grade especially with using computer machine but for good structured items more time is needed for construction(30). Shumway and Harden(1) stated that it is important to consider the relation between the assessment method cost and its benefit. Van der Vleuten(12) critics that as he considered investment in an assessment methods is an investment in teaching and learning process. I think we must take care about the criteria of each method and balanced them against each other as the outcome may change according to the assessment context specificity. Also, In agreement with Van der Vleuten, I think we must use different assessment tools especially for summative assessment for high stakes exam to obtain more reliable and valid assessment. Schuwirth et al(45) explained that students can answer correct MCQ by detecting the right answer but they arent able to answer it in the absence of MCQ options. Graber et al(46) explained the problematic effect of MCQ cueing which may cause diagnostic errors especially if diagnostic reasoning is assessed. Schuwirth et al(14) advise using extended matching items and short-answer question as they can reduce the cueing effect. Extended matching questions (EMQs) are good authentic test as they use real clinical scenario which need sufficient clinical knowledge and can test a wide range of topics for knowledge application and problem-solving ability like diagnosis, investigation and management(47). Beullens et al(48) emphasized that EMQs are able to assess extended learning and minimize recognition effect rather than memorizing facts which is needed for MCQ solving. McAleer(31) critics that as EMQs with its many different items and long list of suitable answers are difficult to construct. However, Schuwrith and Van der Vleuten(13) advice using EMQs as they are good reliable test with short time scoring. We dont have experience in EMQs, but after knowing its importance and its significant role for improving written assessment reliability, I think before applying this form we need training of how construct these questions and how practice them to avoid bad representation of some items. Short answer questions is an important assessing tool because they are objectively scored test as they need clear sets of answer with little guessing incidence(3). McAleer(31) critics that as he stated, although short answer questions are easy constructed item, it is used only to measure recalling of information as they cant measure complex learning outcomes like synthesis and information analysis. Epstein(8) stated that short answer questions can be used for summative and formative assessment but its reliability depend on mainly training the students how they answer these items. We dont apply short answer questions in our exam, but I think we can use in certain situation when we want to cover broad area of content and be sure that the students are able to supply an answer rather than choosing it from many options. Score determines the number of correct answers of an assessment but it doesnt represent the quality of students performance(49). Norcini(50) stated standard setting is the process by which pass mark of exam is determined to distinguish competent from non-competent students as it allows for variation according to the level of test difficulty. There are two types of standard setting: relative (Norm-refrenced) and absolute (criterion-refrenced) standard, in relative standard setting fixed number of students will pass the exam irrespective to their level of competence as it is related to peer performance and fixed percentage of success(50). In our faculty we use relative standard setting to select students with highest score for admission to postgraduate course when fixed number is determined. In the tutorial of , I gain a new information which is supposed from one of our peer who advice using relative standard setting for choosing lower achiever in formative assessment who need extra-training. Absolute standard setting is more suitable for competence test as accurate standard should be determined below which the candidate wouldnt be fit for particular purpose(7). Absolute standard setting may be test-centered method or examinee-centered method, in test-centered method (like Angoff method) the examiner evaluate every item to hypothetically determine how the candidate will get in each item(51). While in examinee-centered method (like contrast group method), panelists decide the pass score by detecting it on the score scale which should be most fit to the exam purpose(52). In our faculty we dont use any forms of standard setting as we use 60% as an ideal setting for pass/fail decision for all test types, But as we recently apply assessing centre in our faculty, I think we must use standard setting in our assessment, in my opinion I prefer applying modified Angoff method as an example of absolute standard setting as it is widely used in medical assessment and it can be used fo r many assessment types. This is in agreement of Smee and Black(53) who stated that modified Angoff method reduce the difficulties of traditional Angoff method ,for examlple the difficulty of detecting hypothetical borderline candidates in Angoff method which is facilitated by supplying the examiners with real test scores of previous assessment of the candidates. Norcini etal(50) stated that absolute standard setting is applied either as conjunctive or compensatory standard, In conjunctive standard the candidate must exceed each item separately to pass the total test, while in compensatory standard the test scoring permit the candidate to compensated poor performance in one item by high performance in another item. In our written assessment we use compensatory method in which the standard is achieved according to total test performance, but now I think we can use conjunctive method in assessing essay paper by which the candidates must pass each essay separately as this will improve their studying to pass in each item. Case and Swanson(27) stated that many medical schools provide their faculty with item analysis of their test before test results are announced by which a useful information about the quality of each item separately and the whole test quality are obtained. Items analysis will be valuable when it maintains effective feedback to test writers as this will improve their skills in further test construction, also it would be helpful in discarding poor items and detecting certain areas of the content which may need more clarity(30). Item difficulty is detected from the proportion of students who answered each item correctly, Items are considered difficult if 50% of students or less answered them correctly and low difficulty if 85% or above of students answer the item, while moderate difficulty which have 60-80% discriminating index are the most discriminating items(30). In the tutorial of December 2010, I gain an important information about the value of applying difficult items in the exam a s these will encourage students towards excellent and to study to get more marks, so I think we must apply certain percentage of difficult items in the exam to drive learning of our students. Item discrimination is determined by the difference of the percentage of correct response between two students group (top third and lower third) with discrimination ratio lie between +1 and -1 and acceptable index is in the range of -0.5 to +0.5(27). Good item has discrimination index closer to +1 as it can distinguish good student from poor one but if poor student can answer more item correctly than good students, this indicate negative discriminating item which should be excluded (30). Downing(36) emphasized that items of MCQ test represented sample of all questions which could be tested, so for test with good internal consistency the test score should be an indicator for the student score on any other set with relevant items. Although our faculty recently develop assessment centre, we dont apply item analysis to any exam, So I think before applying it, we are in need to orient our faculty members about the importance of item analysis and how we use its statistical data to detect c auses of low discriminations , discard poor question, and identify gaps in curriculum. Finally, we use written assessment to assess the major domain of cognition in its low level of knowledge recalling to its high level of knowledge application and problem solving, but as mentioned before, I think our written assessment has low reliability and validity as we use limited number of essay questions, and the percentage of essays marks are more than MCQ marks in our assessment, so we must apply using more objective tests of well structured MCQ, extended matching questions and short answer questions with more essays question especially modified essay, also we must determine the questions numbers according to their corresponding weight in the context and according to test blueprint, as these will facilitate sampling a broad range of relevant contents and constructs of our learning objectives. Although I finish my essay about written assessment, During studying this course I was interested in OSCE assessment and how apply it in our department, but I cant write about it as I dont have experience on applying it because we dont use it in clinical assessment and we use two long cases for applying report and ten short cases for radiological diagnosis for. Now I think we must apply using OSCE in our clinical assessment by using 10-20 stations, some of them are procedure stations like carrying ultrasound examination under observation and other pictorial stations on analyzing radiologic image like conventional, CT, MRI images, and answering context-rich questions related to images. Refrences Shumway JM, Harden RM. AMEE guide No 25: The assessment of learning outcomes for competent and reflective physician. Med Teach.2003;25:569-584. Wass V, Van der Vleuten C,Shatzer J,Jones R. Assessment of clinical competence. Lancet.2001;357:945-949. Dixon H.Candidates views of the MRCGP examination and its effect upon approaches to learning: a questionnaire stu

morality :: essays research papers fc

Philosophy Papers Same Day Delivery! Only $9.95/page + FREE Bibliography!!! Papers On More Philosophers & Philosophies Page 3 of 36 Previous Next Immanuel Kant's 'Critique Of Pure Reason' [ send me this paper ] A 5 page paper that provides an analysis of Kant's work and focuses on the ideal of pure reason as a central development. No additional sources cited. Filename: Kantreas.wps Immanuel Kant's Concept of Good Will Analyzed [ send me this paper ] A 5 page paper which examines German philosopher Immanuel Kant's good will principle as articulated in his 1785 work, The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals (also known as The Grounding For the Metaphysics of Morals. Specifically analyzed is why good will is considered to be good, according to Kant, and how it is expressed. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Filename: GdWillAn.wps Immanuel Kant's 'Critique Of Pure Reason' [ send me this paper ] A 5 page paper that provides an analysis of Kant's work and focuses on the ideal of pure reason as a central development. No additional sources cited. Filename: Kantreas.wps Immanuel Kant's Concept of Good Will Analyzed [ send me this paper ] A 5 page paper which examines German philosopher Immanuel Kant's good will principle as articulated in his 1785 work, The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals (also known as The Grounding For the Metaphysics of Morals. Specifically analyzed is why good will is considered to be good, according to Kant, and how it is expressed. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Filename: GdWillAn.wps Immanuel Kant’s A Priori Knowledge and Time [ send me this paper ] This 5 page report discusses Immanuel Kant’s meaning regarding the â€Å"two pure forms of sensible intuition† being â€Å"a priori knowledge† and â€Å"time† as discussed in his Critique of Pure Reason published in 1781. Kant (1724-1804) believed individual thought to be the framework by which the individual was able to determine the appropriate category into which one thought process or pattern would fit over another. One of his first statements in the Critique is that: â€Å"In the order of time, therefore, we have no knowledge antecedent to experience, and with experience all our knowledge begins.† This paper looks at what he means by such a ststaement and how it relates to the nature and relaity of space and time. Bibliography lists one source. Filename: BWkantcp.wps Kant and Hume: A comparison of views on Ethics : [ send me this paper ] The study of Ethics is an inquiry into the foundations of values. It is a concern with the eventual outcome of the action and experience of every day life.

The Case of Legalized Euthanasia: Analysis and Insights

Euthanasia, also commonly known as mercy killing or assisted suicide, as defined by any lexicon, would refer to the act of intentionally killing a person in a painless or minimally painful manner so as to end that person’s suffering.The word euthanasia was actually derived from two Greek words to wit: â€Å"eu† and â€Å"thanatos†, which mean good and death, respectively. Thus, euthanasia is also sometimes referred to as good death while in other references it is referred to as easy death.Euthanasia or mercy killing is usually carried out for people who are terminally ill and would want to cut short their prolonged suffering from pain and or for those people who are placed in a situation wherein they have become incapable of making such request for themselves. This group of people would include those whose primary existence is being provided by a life support or vital medication.There are actually various types of euthanasia. This would include active, passive an d physician assisted suicide.Active euthanasia, according to various references, would refer to that type of euthanasia wherein there is a direct action involved in causing an individual to die. To illustrate, let us take into consideration one of the most talked about film of the year, the Million Dollar Movie.In the said film Ms. Maggie Fitzgerald (Hilary Swank) was placed in a situation wherein the only thing that enables her to thrive is by means of a life-support machine. Mr. Frankie Dunn (Clint Eastwood), who was Ms.Fitzgerald’s trainer in the field of boxing, as a response to Ms. Fitzgerald’s request to help her end her suffering actually engaged oneself in committing the active type of euthanasia via injecting a substance which is alien to the Ms. Fitzgerald’s body, thus causing Ms. Fitzgerald’s death.Passive euthanasia, on the other hand, is defined as that type of assisted suicide wherein the death of a person is hastened by deliberately alterin g available forms of life support and letting the individual experience the natural course of death.To illustrate, Mr. Frankie Dunn also exhibited this type of euthanasia by means of taking out the life support machine of Ms. Fitzgerald, thus contributing to her hastened death.Passive euthanasia may also be exhibited by stopping necessary and imperative medical procedures, medications, and the like. Likewise, by stopping food as well as water intake thus allowing the person or patient to dehydrate and or starve to death is also another manifestation of a passive type of euthanasia.Physician assisted euthanasia, in contrast with the other two types mentioned, is that type of euthanasia wherein a professional in the field of medicine makes available to his or her patient the necessary information and or means to cut short the patient’s suffering or life.Due to the fact that euthanasia involves an act that deviates from the natural way of dying, it became a precursor to various ethical, religious, and moral issues. Likewise, since there have been many medical cases that involved the act of mercy killing as well as existing and public policies that legalizes it, strong protests on its practice became prevalent. Should euthanasia be legalized despite the many intricacies and social implications it has created?For the purpose of this paper, the author aims to discuss the nature of euthanasia and the claim of Mr. Robert Dworkin et al. in the compendium entitled â€Å"Assisted Suicide: The Philosopher’s Brief†. Likewise, it is also the objective of the author to make a stand on the legalization of euthanasia and support his claim by citing examples from the movie the Million Dollar Baby and other examples of even nature to critically examine Mr. Dworkin’s claim in his published essay.

Jazz Age and The Great Gatsby Essays

Jazz Age and The Great Gatsby Essays Jazz Age and The Great Gatsby Essay Jazz Age and The Great Gatsby Essay Essay Topic: The Great Gatsby The New Negro ?F Scott Fitzgerald was a well-known novelist in the 1920’s. He wrote many novels such as The Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, Tender Is the Night and his well-known novel, The Great Gatsby. F. Scott Fitzgerald called the 1920’s the â€Å"Jazz Age† because it was a time if economic success and cultural upbringing. Poetry, music and fashion were at its peak and constantly evolving. An example of the Jazz Age was, The Harlem Renaissance also known as the New Negro Movement. The Harlem Renaissance was the cultural, social, and artistic flare-up that took place in Harlem at the the end of World War I. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars like Langston Hughes, James Weldon Johnson, Zora Neale Hurston and Countee Cullen. When you think of the Roaring 20’s, you feel awake, free and alive and with all the glamour, the music and the excitement there is no wonder the term â€Å"Jazz Age† was stated by Mr. Fitzgerald. Economics were good, prosperity for all was on the rise, changes in lifestyle and Technology revolutionized Americans life in a way that it has never been the same. It was the end of WW1 and America was showing their strength as a powerful Nation, but among this, it was the parties, the alcohol, the dancing, and the frivolous sex that took a hold of what dreams were made of. Music was the fore runner of this evolvement, Jazz and Blues were being inventive by all who had something to say and express. When it came to music at this time in American history, there seem to be no barriers sharing your soul through the words and the melody.Music back then was made to listen too, made you move, made you wanted to drink, dance and be happy, which is what Mr. Great Gatsby as he is known, was at the front of this movement. Clothes back then had flair of style that even today is still represented throughout the world.Suits that were ta